Acousto-optic stimuli to promote coherent 40-Hz frequency entrainment effect / Estímulos acústico-ópticos para promover efeito de arrastamento de frequência coerente de 40 Hz

Abstract Background Research has shown that a fundamental frequency of 40 Hz in continuous neural oscillation is indicative of normal brain activity; in Alzheimer disease (AD) patients, these oscillations either disappear or are significantly interrupted. Research has also indicated that the degenerative impacts of AD in mice were mitigated by the synchronization of 40-Hz acousto-optic stimulation (AOS). Objective To examine the impact of employing a 40-Hz AOS intervention on the induction of a substantial 40-Hz frequency entrainment and improvement in working memory performance among a sample of young individuals in good health. We conduct an analysis of event-related potentials (ERPs) derived from electroencephalogram (EEG) data following the presentation of AOS. Methods We recruited 20 healthy volunteers (median age: 25 years; 8 female subjects). Following the administration of various stimuli, including no stimuli, 40-Hz AOS, pink noise, and 40Hz acoustic stimuli (AS), the participants were required to complete a working memory task. A total of 62 electrodes were used to record EEG data, which was subsequently analyzed to investigate the impact of AOS on the activity of working memory. We also aimed to determine if AOS lead to a more pronounced 40-Hz frequency entrainment. Results Following the administration of AOS, a notable enhancement in the 40-Hz power of pertinent cerebral areas was observed, accompanied by a substantial improvement in the performance of the subjects on working memory tests subsequent to the stimulation. Conclusion The findings unequivocally establish the efficacy of using AOS to enhance the 40-Hz power and working memory.

Resumo Antecedentes A pesquisa mostrou que uma frequência fundamental de 40 Hz em oscilação neural contínua é indicativa de atividade cerebral normal. Em pacientes com doença de Alzheimer (DA), essas oscilações desaparecem ou são significativamente interrompidas. A pesquisa também indicou que os impactos degenerativos da DA em camundongos foram mitigados pela sincronização da estimulação acústico-óptica (EAO) de 40 Hz. Objetivo Examinar o impacto do emprego de uma intervenção EAO de 40 Hz na indução de um arrastamento substancial de frequência de 40 Hz e na melhoria do desempenho da memória de trabalho entre uma amostra de jovens com boa saúde. Conduzimos uma análise de potenciais relacionados a eventos (PREs) derivados de dados de eletroencefalograma (EEG) após a apresentação de EAO. Métodos Recrutamos 20 voluntários saudáveis (idade média: 25 anos; 8 mulheres). Após a administração de vários estímulos, incluindo nenhum estímulo, EAO de 40 Hz, ruído rosa e estímulos acústicos (EA) de 40 Hz, os participantes foram obrigados a completar uma tarefa de memória de trabalho. Um total de 62 eletrodos foram utilizados para registrar dados de EEG, que foram posteriormente analisados. para investigar o impacto do AOS na atividade da memória de trabalho. Também pretendemos determinar se o AOS leva a um arrastamento de frequência de 40 Hz mais pronunciado. Resultados Após a administração de AOS, foi observado um aumento notável na potência de 40 Hz de áreas cerebrais pertinentes, acompanhado por uma melhoria substancial no desempenho dos sujeitos em testes de memória de trabalho subsequentes à estimulação. Conclusão Os resultados estabelecem inequivocamente a eficácia do uso do AOS para melhorar a potência de 40 Hz e a memória de trabalho.

Establishment and evaluation of a LAMP-CRISPR-based nucleic acid detection method for Schistosoma japonicum / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective To establish a sensitive and specific nucleic acid detection method for Schistosoma japonicum based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) technology. Methods The LAMP primers, gRNA and ssDNA probe that target Schistosoma japonicum SjR2 genes were designed according to the principles of LAMP and CRISPR. The LAMP-CRISPR reaction system was established and optimized. The sensitivity and specificity of the method were evaluated against the ten-fold serial dilutions of plasmid containing SjR2 target sequences, as well as genomic DNA at different stages of Schistosoma japonicum and other parasites, including Fasciola hepatica, Schistosoma mansoni, Taenia saginata, Clonorchis sinensis, Ascaris lumbricoides, Necator americanus, Paragonimus westermani, and Echinococcus granulosus. Additionally, 15 schistosome-infected snail and 30 uninfected samples were tested by LAMP-CRISPR and LAMP methods, respectively, to evaluate the potential of this method for screening for infected snails. Results　The developed LAMP-CRISPR method was able to specifically amplify and detect the SjR2 gene of S. japonicum. The optimal reaction temperature was 37 ℃, and the optimal reaction concentrations were both 40 nmol/L for gRNA and Cas12a protein. No cross-reaction was observed with genomic DNA from other parasites such as F. hepatica. The detection limit of the method was 10 copies/μL when testing 10-fold dilutions of recombinant plasmids as a template. Furthermore, the LAMP-CRISPR method was able to accurately detect genomic DNA from S. japonicum at various stages of development, including eggs, cercariae, schistosomula, juvenile worms, and adult worms. The results of testing 45 snail samples showed no significant difference between the LAMP-CRISPR and LAMP methods for detecting infected snails (χ2=0.05, P>0.05). The sensitivity and specificity of the LAMP-CRISPR method were 100.00% (15/15) and 96.67% (29/30), respectively, compared to the gold standard, while the sensitivity and specificity of the LAMP method were 100.00% (15/15) and 93.33% (28/30), respectively. Conclusions　This established LAMP-CRISPR detection method presented good sensitivity, specificity and reliability, making it a promising tool for rapid detection and risk monitoring of S. japonicum.

Development and preliminary evaluation of a fluorescence RPA assay for the rapid detection of Necator americanus / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective To establish a rapid detection assay based on fluorescence recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) targeting Necator americanus eggs, and to evaluate its efficacy, providing technical support for rapid detection of Necator americanus in fecal samples. Methods The fluorescence RPA primers and probe were designed based on the cox1 gene of Necator americanus and then screened the optimal combination to develop the assay. The genomic DNA of Necator americanus eggs was diluted to 7 concentration gradients including 100 pg/µL, 10 pg/µL, 1 pg/µL, 100 fg/µL, 10 fg/µL, 1 fg/µL, 0.1 fg/µL, to determine the detection limit of the assay. The specificity of the assay was demonstrated by detected genomic DNA from Schistosoma japonicum, Ascaris lumbricoides, Clonorchis sinensis and Fasciola hepatica. A total of 44 fecal samples were collected and DNA extraction was performed, and the modified Kato-Katz method, semi-nest PCR method, and fluorescent RPA method were simultaneously used for detection to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity. Results The established fluorescence RPA assay can specifically amplify a fragment of 194 bp of the Necator americanus cox1 gene within 20 min, with a detection limit of 10 fg/µL. There was no cross-reactivity with Schistosoma japonicum, Ascaris lumbricoides, Clonorchis sinensis, Fasciola hepatica after specificity validation. In 44 fecal samples, 27 positive samples were detected by the fluorescence RPA assay, and 26 positive samples were detected by both the Kato-Katz and the semi-nested PCR. The fluorescence curve of sample number 1 was slightly higher than the negative control in the later stage of the reaction, but did not show a similar trend to the positive control, and was therefore judged to be a suspected negative sample. Compared with the Kato-Katz method and the semi-nest PCR method, The sensitivity of the fluorescent RPA method were 100.00% and the specificity were 94.44%, and the consistency of the detection results was good (Kappa=0.953>0.75). Conclusions The assay based on the fluorescence RPA is an efficient, sensitive and specific technique for detecting Necator americanus and it can be applied for surveillance and early warning of hookworm infection.

Exploration and intervention of campus exclusive behavior from the perspective of evolutionary psychology / 中国学校卫生

Abstract@#Campus exclusion behavior attracts much attention in the filed of school-based social exclusion research field. It threatens the normal relationship and belonging acquisition of primary and secondary school students, resulting in frustration of students needs and negative emotions and behaviors, inability to handle classmates and social relationships well, and hindering mental health development of. Evolution believes that behaviors have a certain adaptive value. From the perspective of evolutionary psychology, a preliminary interpretation of the influencing factors of exclusion in terms of language, needs and motivations, and social status has been made. Resource acquisition, hunting-gathering hypothesis, homosexual competition, etc. Provides a certain evolutionary basis. Therefore, in the intervention and prevention of rejection behaviors, creating a campus atmosphere that accepts diversity has a positive effect on the guidance of all students, and strengthening emotional and cognitive interventions also alleviates the adverse effects of rejection behaviors.

Controlled decompression alleviates early brain injury in rabbit intracranial hypertension model by regulating apoptosis/necroptosis

ABSTRACT Purpose To evaluate the effects of controlled decompression and rapid decompression, explore the potential mechanism, provide the theoretical basis for the clinical application, and explore the new cell death method in intracranial hypertension. Methods Acute intracranial hypertension was triggered in rabbits by epidural balloon compression. New Zealand white rabbits were randomly put into the sham group, the controlled decompression group, and the rapid decompression group. Brain water content, etc., was used to evaluate early brain injury. Western blotting and double immunofluorescence staining were used to detect necroptosis and apoptosis. Results Brain edema, neurological dysfunction, and brain injury appeared after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Compared with rapid decompression, brain water content was significantly decreased, neurological scores were improved by controlled decompression treatment. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining and Nissl staining showed neuron death decreased in the controlled decompression group. Compared with rapid decompression, it was also found that apoptosis-related protein caspase-3/ tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a was reduced markedly in the brain cortex and serum, and the expression levels of necroptosis-related protein, receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1)/receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP3) reduced significantly in the controlled decompression group. Conclusions Controlled decompression can effectively reduce neuronal damage and cerebral edema after craniocerebral injury and, thus, protect the brain tissue by alleviating necroptosis and apoptosis.

Relations between gross motor competence and physical fitness in 3-5 years old children / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#The cross-sectional study examined associations between gross motor competence and physical fitness in 3-5 years old children.@*Methods@#A convenient sampling method was used to select 201 children aged 3-5 years, to assess gross motor competence, each child accomplished the Test of Gross Motor Development-3(TGMD-3). The level of physical fitness was measured by National Physical Fitness Test, comprising eight different tasks including height, weight, flexibility(sit-and-reach test), balance (walking on a balance beam), explosive force(Standing long jump), strength(Tennis ball throwing), agility(10-shuttle-run test), strength and coordination(Continuous foot jump).@*Results@#With the increase of age, the scores of locomotor skills，object control skills, gross motor competence, height, weight, walking on a balance beam, continuous foot jump, tennis ball throwing and standing long jump were better(P<0.01). Significant differences were not found in the gross motor competence, locomotor skills, 10-shuttle-run test, continuous foot jump, standing long jump and walking on a balance beam(P>0.05). In the object control skills and tennis ball throwing, the boys showed a greater performance(P<0.01). In the sit-and-reach test, girls showed a greater performance(P<0.01). The results revealed a significant relationship between gross motor competence and the following items: 10-shuttle-run test, continuous foot jump, standing long jump, walking on a balance beam, tennis ball throwing(P<0.05). There were no associations among gross motor competence, BMI(r=0.02), sit-and-reach test(r=0.07). There were no associations between gross motor competence and physical fitness in 3-5 years old(r=-0.13-0.21), except for 5 years old children’s object control skills and continuous foot jump(r=0.42). Sex, age, height , BMI (R2=0.05,F=2.62, P>0.05) as well as gross motor competence(△R2=0.04, F=2.00, P>0.05) did not predict physical fitness.@*Conclusion@#The results indicated a relationship between motor competence and physical fitness in 3-5 years old. In order to increase the level of physical fitness, the educators should pay attention to the development of children’s gross motor.

Guillain-Barre syndrome complicated on post-operation with renal carcinoma and meningioma: a case report / 北京大学学报(医学版)

Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune disease on the injury of peripheral nerve myelin proteins or axon, of which the acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) as a subtype is of infrequence and an extremely low incidence of post-operation. This article originally reported one case from Peking University People's Hospital on successful treatment of severe GBS (AMAN) on post-operation with renal carcinoma and meningioma. The diagnostic criteria of AMAN refer to AIDP, of which the feature of AMAN suggests a pure motor nerve dysfunction and significant damage on motor axon. It is reported that infection and surgery may induce GBS. The positive result of IgM and IgG was considered the application of ganglioside and blood-brain barrier might be damaged after meningioma surgery which eased the drug to enter the cerebrospinal fluid circulation and induced lesions, therefore the etiology on this GBS case was of high confidence of administrating ganglioside drugs. Autonomic nerve dysfunctions, such as blood pressure fluctuations and arrhythmia could be caused in GBS, of which about 3%-10% of GBS patients would die. Early use of gamma globulin or plasma exchange was recommended internationally, but recently some new ideas, to some extent, of significance on GBS treatment emerged. However, there was still no consensus on GBS treatment systematically all over the world. Till now, the general treatment program on GBS may be still gamma globulin or plasma exchange and a curious judgment of prognosis is essential in order to make a reasonable plan. That it was usually of no omen on severe autonomic nerve dysfunction must be successively monitored, the same as the management of the respiratory tract and nutrition support. The key measures taken on lung recruitment was postural drainage on this case with a low cost but a qualified effectiveness. This case report aimed to deepen the understanding of AMAN and acquaint the cutting-edge advances on the treatment of GBS, as well as providing successful treatment experience for the prevention on similar cases.

Tumor-related microRNA targeting PTEN / 国际肿瘤学杂志

MicroRNAs are the endogenous non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by mediating gene post-transcriptional silence.Among them,miR-21,miR-17-92,miR-214,miR-26a,miR-221,miR-222and so on mainly suppress the expression of PTEN phosphohydrolase through targeting PTEN mRNA 3'-UTR.PTEN plays an important role in cell proliferation,apoptosis,migration and invasion,and its low expression will induce tumorigenesis.